Monitor Guide
Specs
Size in inches (")
Aspect Ratio (most common:)
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normal (16/9)
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ultrawide (21/9)
Resolution
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FullHD/1080p (1920x1080)
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QHD/1440p (2560x1440)
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UHD/4K (3840x2160)
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5K (5120x2880)
Refresh Rate
(tells you how many frames per second can be shown, when everything is ideal)
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60Hz
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...
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144Hz
Brightness in cd/m^2
Color Depth (Number of Colors)
HighDynamicRange
6 bit/8 bit/10 bit/...
Display Technology
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TN-panel (bad Viewing Angle Stability (TN-Film solves that), short Reaction Times, mediocre Color Precision, Cheap)
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VA-panel (high Contrast, better Colors, long Reaction Times)
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IPS-panel (extremely high Color Precision, high Viewing Angle Stability, high Contrast, good Reaction Times, little Expensive)
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LED Backlit Displays are the standard for most panels (thin and energy efficient)
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OLED (This Display Technology is not perfect yet and extremely expensive, so there are not a lot of PC-Monitors yet)
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Quantum Dot (new technology, which is not as vibrant as OLED, but has better reaction times, no burn-in.)
Ports
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HDMI (most common, but you need at least version 2.0 to get more than 30Hz@4K)
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Display Port (very common version 1.2 is enough for 60Hz@4K)
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DVI (not very modern, but still used pretty often)
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VGA (pretty old, analog)
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USB-C + Thunderbolt 3 (you can display 4K videos, transfer data and charge your compatible device, all at the same time)
Extras, that might matter:
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Height and Angle adjustable
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glare/nonglare/... display
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Anti-Tearing (NVIDIA G-Sync / AMD FreeSync)
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Integrated Speakers / AudioOut
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Standard Wall Mount Interface
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Switchable Modes / Color Rendering (e.g. sRGB, Adobe RGB, DCI-P3-Standard)
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Touch / ActivePen / ...
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Hub (USB-Ports, etc.)
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Pivot
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Screen-Split
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Comfort Eye
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Lots of professional Functions, like Self-Calibration...
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...